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class - (biology) a taxonomic group containing one or more orders |
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taxon,
taxonomic category,
taxonomic group animal or plant group having natural relations
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phylum (biology) the major taxonomic group of animals and plants; contains classes
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biological science,
biology the science that studies living organisms
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class schizomycetes,
schizomycetes a former classification
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class cyanobacteria,
class cyanophyceae,
cyanophyceae photosynthetic bacteria found in fresh and salt water, having chlorophyll a and phycobilins; once thought to be algae: blue-green algae
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class sarcodina,
sarcodina characterized by the formation of pseudopods for locomotion and taking food: Actinopoda; Rhizopoda
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actinopoda,
subclass actinopoda heliozoans; radiolarians
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rhizopoda,
subclass rhizopoda creeping protozoans: amoebas and foraminifers
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ciliata,
ciliophora,
class ciliata,
class ciliophora class of protozoa having cilia or hairlike appendages on part or all of the surface during some part of the life cycle
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infusoria,
subclass infusoria in some recent classifications, coextensive with the Ciliata: minute organisms found in decomposing infusions of organic matter
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chrysophyceae,
class chrysophyceae,
class heterokontae,
heterokontae all the yellow-green algae having flagella of unequal length
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class xanthophyceae,
xanthophyceae yellow-green algae
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bacillariophyceae,
class bacillariophyceae,
class diatomophyceae,
diatomophyceae marine and freshwater eukaryotic algae: diatoms
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class phaeophyceae,
phaeophyceae brown algae; mostly marine and littoral eukaryotic algae
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class cyclosporeae,
cyclosporeae in more recent classifications superseded by the order Fucales
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class euglenophyceae,
euglenophyceae coextensive with the division Euglenophyta
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chlorophyceae,
class chlorophyceae algae distinguished chiefly by having flagella and a clear green color, their chlorophyll being masked little if at all by other pigments
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class ulvophyceae,
ulvophyceae alternative name for the class Chlorophyceae in some classifications
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charophyceae,
class charophyceae in some classifications: contains only the order Charales
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class rhodophyceae,
rhodophyceae coextensive with the Rhodophyta: red algae
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class flagellata,
class mastigophora,
flagellata,
mastigophora protozoa having flagella
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subclass zoomastigina,
zoomastigina in some classifications considered a phylum of the kingdom Protista; holozoic or saprozoic flagellates
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phytomastigina,
subclass phytomastigina plantlike flagellates containing chlorophyll; often considered unicellular algae
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class cryptophyceae,
cryptophyceae motile usually brownish-green protozoa-like algae
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class sporozoa,
sporozoa strictly parasitic protozoans that are usually immobile; includes plasmodia and coccidia and piroplasms and malaria parasites
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subclass telosporidia,
telosporidia parasitic sporozoans that form spores containing one or more infective sporozoites
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acnidosporidia,
subclass acnidosporidia a subclass of Sporozoa
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cnidosporidia,
subclass cnidosporidia single-host parasites of lower vertebrates and invertebrates
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ascidiaceae,
class ascidiaceae sometimes classified as an order: sea squirts
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class thaliacea,
thaliacea small class of free-swimming tunicates; sometimes classified as an order
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class larvacea,
larvacea small free-swimming tunicates; sometimes classified as an order
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agnatha,
superclass agnatha superclass of eel-shaped chordates lacking jaws and pelvic fins: lampreys; hagfishes; some extinct forms
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gnathostomata,
superclass gnathostomata comprising all vertebrates with upper and lower jaws
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class placodermi,
placodermi extinct group of bony-plated fishes with primitive jaws
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chondrichthyes,
class chondrichthyes cartilaginous fishes
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holocephali,
subclass holocephali chimaeras and extinct forms
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elasmobranchii,
selachii,
subclass elasmobranchii,
subclass selachii sharks; rays; dogfishes; skates
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aves,
class aves (ornithology) the class of birds
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archaeornithes,
subclass archaeornithes primitive reptile-like fossil birds of the Jurassic or early Cretaceous
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amphibia,
class amphibia the class of vertebrates that live on land but breed in water; frogs; toads; newts; salamanders; caecilians
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class reptilia,
reptilia class of cold-blooded air-breathing vertebrates with completely ossified skeleton and a body usually covered with scales or horny plates; once the dominant land animals
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anapsida,
subclass anapsida oldest known reptiles; turtles and extinct Permian forms
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lepidosauria,
subclass lepidosauria diapsid reptiles: lizards; snakes; tuataras
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archosauria,
subclass archosauria a large subclass of diapsid reptiles including: crocodiles; alligators; dinosaurs; pterosaurs; plesiosaurs; ichthyosaurs; thecodonts
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subclass synapsida,
synapsida extinct reptiles of the Permian to Jurassic considered ancestral to mammals
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chelicerata,
superclass chelicerata spiders; scorpions; horseshoe crabs
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arachnida,
class arachnida a large class of arthropods including spiders and ticks and scorpions and daddy longlegs; have four pairs of walking legs and no wings
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superclass myriapoda used in some classifications to encompass the millipedes (Diplopoda) and centipedes (Chilopoda); formerly a large taxon including also the Pauropoda and Symphyla; the term Myriapoda now usually used synonymously with Diplopoda and limited to the millipedes
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class pauropoda,
pauropoda an obscure class of minute arthropods with branched antennae and 8 to 10 pairs of legs
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class symphyla,
symphyla small class of minute arthropods; unimportant except for the garden centipede
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class tardigrada,
tardigrada in some classifications considered a separate phylum: microscopic arachnid-like invertebrates living in water or damp moss having 4 pairs of legs and instead of a mouth a pair of stylets or needlelike piercing organs connected with the pharynx
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chilopoda,
class chilopoda arthropods having the trunk composed of numerous somites each bearing one pair of legs: centipedes
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class diplopoda,
class myriapoda,
diplopoda,
myriapoda arthropods having the body composed of numerous double somites each with two pairs of legs: millipedes
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class mammalia,
mammalia warm-blooded vertebrates characterized by mammary glands in the female
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prototheria,
subclass prototheria echidnas; platypus
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pantotheria,
subclass pantotheria generalized extinct mammals widespread during the Jurassic; commonly conceded to be ancestral to marsupial and placental mammals
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metatheria,
subclass metatheria pouched animals
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eutheria,
subclass eutheria all mammals except monotremes and marsupials
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class hyalospongiae,
hyalospongiae sponges with siliceous spicules that have six rays; choanocytes are restricted to finger-shaped chambers
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class scyphozoa,
scyphozoa coelenterates in which the polyp stage is absent or at least inconspicuous: jellyfishes
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class hydrozoa,
hydrozoa coelenterates typically having alternation of generations; hydroid phase is usually colonial giving rise to the medusoid phase by budding: hydras and jellyfishes
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actinozoa,
anthozoa,
class actinozoa,
class anthozoa a large class of sedentary marine coelenterates that includes sea anemones and corals; the medusoid phase is entirely suppressed
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class nuda,
nuda ctenophores lacking tentacles; comprises one genus: beroe
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class tentaculata,
tentaculata ctenophores have retractile tentacles
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class turbellaria,
turbellaria free-living flatworms
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class trematoda,
trematoda parasitic flatworms (including flukes)
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cestoda,
class cestoda tapeworms
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aphasmidia,
class aphasmidia one of two subgroups of Nematoda used in some classification systems
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class phasmidia,
phasmidia one of two subgroups of Nematoda used in some classification systems
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archiannelida,
class archiannelida a class of Annelida
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class oligochaeta,
oligochaeta earthworms
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class polychaeta,
polychaeta marine annelid worms
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class hirudinea,
hirudinea hermaphroditic aquatic or terrestrial or parasitic annelids
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class scaphopoda,
scaphopoda small class of bilaterally symmetrical marine forms comprising the tooth shells
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class gasteropoda,
class gastropoda,
gasteropoda,
gastropoda snails and slugs and their relatives
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opisthobranchia,
subclass opisthobranchia gastropods having the gills when present posterior to the heart and having no operculum: includes sea slugs; sea butterflies; sea hares
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amphineura,
subclass amphineura a class of Gastropoda
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class polyplacophora,
polyplacophora small class of marine mollusks comprising the chitons; sometimes considered an order of the subclass Amphineura
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bivalvia,
class bivalvia,
class lamellibranchia,
class pelecypoda,
lamellibranchia oysters; clams; scallops; mussels
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cephalopoda,
class cephalopoda octopuses; squids; cuttlefish; pearly nautilus
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dibranchia,
dibranchiata,
subclass dibranchia,
subclass dibranchiata comprising all living cephalopods except the family Nautilidae: the orders Octopoda (octopuses) and Decapoda (squids and cuttlefish)
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class crustacea,
crustacea class of mandibulate arthropods including: lobsters; crabs; shrimps; woodlice; barnacles; decapods; water fleas
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malacostraca,
subclass malacostraca largest subclass of Crustacea including most of the well-known marine, freshwater, and terrestrial crustaceans: crabs; lobsters; shrimps; sow bugs; beach flies
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entomostraca,
subclass entomostraca in some older classifications includes the Branchiopoda and Copepoda and Ostracoda and Cirripedia; no longer in technical use
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branchiopoda,
subclass branchiopoda primitive aquatic mainly freshwater crustaceans: fairy shrimps; brine shrimps; tadpole shrimps; can shrimps; water fleas
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copepoda,
subclass copepoda minute planktonic or parasitic crustaceans
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ostracoda,
subclass ostracoda seed shrimps
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cirripedia,
subclass cirripedia barnacles
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class onychophora,
onychophora enigmatic small elongated wormlike terrestrial invertebrates of damp dark habitats in warm regions; distinct from the phylum Annelida; resemble slugs with legs and are sometimes described as the missing link between arthropods and annelids
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class hexapoda,
class insecta,
hexapoda,
insecta insects; about five-sixths of all known animal species
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exopterygota,
hemimetabola,
subclass exopterygota subclass of insects characterized by gradual and usually incomplete metamorphosis
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asteroidea,
class asteroidea sea stars
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class ophiuroidea,
ophiuroidea brittle stars and basket stars
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ophiurida,
subclass ophiurida brittle stars
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euryalida,
subclass euryalida basket stars
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class echinoidea,
echinoidea sea urchins and sand dollars
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class crinoidea,
crinoidea sea lilies
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class holothuroidea,
holothuroidea class of echinoderms including the sea cucumbers
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hominoidea,
superfamily hominoidea anthropoid apes and human beings
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channidae,
class channidae snakeheads
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class osteichthyes,
osteichthyes a class of fish having a skeleton composed of bone in addition to cartilage
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crossopterygii,
subclass crossopterygii fishes having paired fins resembling limbs and regarded as ancestral to amphibians
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dipnoi,
subclass dipnoi bony fishes of the southern hemisphere that breathe by a modified air bladder as well as gills; sometimes classified as an order of Crossopterygii
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subclass teleostei,
teleostei large diverse group of bony fishes; includes most living species
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order the act of putting things in a sequential arrangement; "there were mistakes in the ordering of items on the list"
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anthoceropsida,
class anthoceropsida hornworts: in some classification systems included in the class Hepaticopsida
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bryopsida,
class bryopsida,
class musci,
musci true mosses: bryophytes having leafy rather than thalloid gametophytes: comprises orders Andreaeales; Bryales; Dicranales; Eubryales; Sphagnales
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class hepaticae,
class hepaticopsida,
hepaticae,
hepaticopsida liverworts: comprises orders Anthocerotales; Jungermanniales; Marchantiales; Sphaerocarpales
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class gymnospermae,
division gymnospermophyta,
gymnospermae,
gymnospermophyta plants having naked seeds not enclosed in an ovary; in some systems considered a class (Gymnospermae) and in others a division (Gymnospermophyta); comprises three subdivisions (or classes): Cycadophytina (class Cycadopsida) and Gnetophytina (class Gnetopsida) and Coniferophytina (class Coniferopsida); in some classifications the Coniferophytina are divided into three groups: Pinophytina (class Pinopsida) and Ginkgophytina (class Ginkgopsida) and Taxophytina (class Taxopsida)
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class gnetopsida,
gnetophyta,
gnetophytina,
gnetopsida,
subdivision gnetophytina gymnospermous flowering plants; supposed link between conifers and angiosperms; in some systems classified as a class (Gnetopsida) and in others as a subdivision (Gnetophytina or Gnetophyta)
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class cycadopsida,
cycadophyta,
cycadophytina,
cycadopsida,
subdivision cycadophyta,
subdivision cycadophytina palmlike gymnosperms: includes the surviving order Cycadales and several extinct orders; possibly not a natural group; in some systems considered a class (Cycadopsida) and in others a subdivision (Cycadophytina or Cycadophyta)
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class pteridospermopsida,
pteridospermopsida extinct gymnosperms most of Carboniferous to Jurassic: seed ferns and allies
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class coniferopsida,
coniferophyta,
coniferophytina,
coniferopsida,
subdivision coniferophytina cone-bearing gymnosperms dating from the Carboniferous period; most are substantial trees; includes the classes Pinopsida (subdivision Pinophytina) and Ginkgopsida (subdivision Ginkgophytina) and Taxopsida (subdivision Taxophytina) which in turn include the surviving orders Coniferales and Taxales (yews) and sometimes Ginkgoales as well as extinct orders such as Cordaitales (of the Carboniferous and Permian)
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class pinopsida,
pinophytina,
pinopsida,
subdivision pinophytina most conifers: in some systems classified as a class (Pinopsida) and in others as a subdivision (Pinophytina); used in some classifications for one of five subdivisions of Gymnospermophyta
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class taxopsida,
subdivision taxophytina,
taxophytina,
taxopsida yews: in some systems classified as a class (Taxopsida) and in others as a subdivision (Taxophytina) used in some classifications for one of five subdivisions of Gymnospermophyta
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class ginkgophytina,
class ginkgopsida,
ginkgophytina,
ginkgopsida,
subdivision ginkgophyta,
subdivision ginkgophytina ginkgos: in some systems classified as a class and in others as a subdivision; used in some classifications for one of five subdivisions of Gymnospermophyta
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angiospermae,
anthophyta,
class angiospermae,
division anthophyta,
division magnoliophyta,
magnoliophyta comprising flowering plants that produce seeds enclosed in an ovary; in some systems considered a class (Angiospermae) and in others a division (Magnoliophyta or Anthophyta)
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class dicotyledonae,
class dicotyledones,
class magnoliopsida,
dicotyledonae,
dicotyledones,
magnoliopsida comprising seed plants that produce an embryo with paired cotyledons and net-veined leaves; divided into six (not always well distinguished) subclasses (or superorders): Magnoliidae and Hamamelidae (considered primitive); Caryophyllidae (an early and distinctive offshoot); and three more or less advanced groups: Dilleniidae; Rosidae; Asteridae
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magnoliidae,
ranalian complex,
subclass magnoliidae a group of families of trees and shrubs and herbs having well-developed perianths and apocarpous ovaries and generally regarded as the most primitive extant flowering plants; contains 36 families including Magnoliaceae and Ranunculaceae; sometimes classified as a superorder
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class liliopsida,
class monocotyledonae,
class monocotyledones,
liliopsida,
monocotyledonae,
monocotyledones comprising seed plants that produce an embryo with a single cotyledon and parallel-veined leaves: includes grasses and lilies and palms and orchids; divided into four subclasses or superorders: Alismatidae; Arecidae; Commelinidae; and Liliidae
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alismatidae,
subclass alismatidae one of four subclasses or superorders of Monocotyledones; comprises about 500 species in 14 families of aquatic and semiaquatic herbs
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arecidae,
subclass arecidae one of four subclasses or superorder of Monocotyledones; comprises about 6400 species in 5 families of trees and shrubs and terrestrial herbs and a few free-floating aquatics including: Palmae; Araceae; Pandanaceae and Lemnaceae
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commelinidae,
subclass commelinidae one of four subclasses or superorders of Monocotyledones; comprises about 19,000 species in 25 families of mostly terrestrial herbs especially of moist places including: Cyperaceae; Gramineae; Bromeliaceae; and Zingiberaceae
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caryophyllidae,
subclass caryophyllidae a group of families of mostly flowers having basal or central placentation and trinucleate pollen (binucleate pollen is commoner in flowering plants); contains 14 families including: Caryophyllaceae (carnations and pinks); Aizoaceae; Amaranthaceae; Batidaceae; Chenopodiaceae; Cactaceae (order Opuntiales); Nyctaginaceae; Phytolaccaceae; corresponds approximately to order Caryophyllales; sometimes classified as a superorder
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asteridae,
subclass asteridae a group of mostly sympetalous herbs and some trees and shrubs mostly with 2 fused carpels; contains 43 families including Campanulales; Solanaceae; Scrophulariaceae; Labiatae; Verbenaceae; Rubiaceae; Compositae; sometimes classified as a superorder
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rosidae,
subclass rosidae a group of trees and shrubs and herbs mostly with polypetalous flowers; contains 108 families including Rosaceae; Crassulaceae; Myrtaceae; Melastomaceae; Euphorbiaceae; Umbelliferae
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hamamelidae,
subclass hamamelidae a group of chiefly woody plants considered among the most primitive of angiosperms; perianth poorly developed or lacking; flowers often unisexual and often in catkins and often wind pollinated; contains 23 families including the Betulaceae and Fagaceae (includes the Amentiferae); sometimes classified as a superorder
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dilleniidae,
subclass dilleniidae a group of families of more or less advanced trees and shrubs and herbs having either polypetalous or gamopetalous corollas and often with ovules attached to the walls of the ovary; contains 69 families including Ericaceae and Cruciferae and Malvaceae; sometimes classified as a superorder
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liliidae,
subclass liliidae one of four subclasses or superorders of Monocotyledones; comprises 17 families including: Liliaceae; Alliaceae; Amaryllidaceae; Iridaceae; Orchidaceae; Trilliaceae
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class zygomycetes,
zygomycetes class of fungi coextensive with subdivision Zygomycota
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class myxomycetes,
myxomycetes the class of true slime molds; essentially equivalent to the division Myxomycota
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acrasiomycetes,
class acrasiomycetes cellular slime molds; in some classifications placed in kingdom Protoctista
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class oomycetes,
oomycetes nonphotosynthetic fungi that resemble algae and that reproduce by forming oospores; sometimes classified as protoctists
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chytridiomycetes,
class chytridiomycetes a class of mostly aquatic fungi; saprophytic or parasitic on algae or fungi or plants
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class eumycetes,
eumycetes category used in some classifications: coextensive with division Eumycota
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class deuteromycetes,
deuteromycetes form class; coextensive with subdivision Deuteromycota
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basidiomycetes,
class basidiomycetes large class of higher fungi coextensive with subdivision Basidiomycota
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homobasidiomycetes,
subclass homobasidiomycetes category used in some classification systems for various basidiomycetous fungi including e.g. mushrooms and puffballs which are usually placed in the classes Gasteromycetes and Hymenomycetes
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heterobasidiomycetes,
subclass heterobasidiomycetes category used in some classification systems for various basidiomycetous fungi including rusts and smuts
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class hymenomycetes,
hymenomycetes used in some classifications; usually coextensive with order Agaricales: mushrooms; toadstools; agarics; bracket fungi
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ascomycetes,
class ascomycetes large class of higher fungi coextensive with division Ascomycota: sac fungi
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euascomycetes,
subclass euascomycetes category not used in many classification systems
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class hemiascomycetes,
hemiascomycetes class of fungi in which no ascocarps are formed: yeasts and some plant parasites
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class plectomycetes,
plectomycetes class of fungi in which the fruiting body is a cleistothecium (it releases spores only on decay or disintegration)
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class pyrenomycetes,
pyrenomycetes class of fungi in which the fruiting body is a perithecium; includes powdery mildews and ergot and Neurospora
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discomycetes,
subclass discomycetes a large and taxonomically difficult group of Ascomycetes in which the fleshy fruiting body is disklike or cup-shaped
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class gasteromycetes,
class gastromycetes,
gasteromycetes,
gastromycetes fungi in which the hymenium is enclosed until after spores have matured: puffballs; earth stars; stinkhorn fungi
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class tiliomycetes,
tiliomycetes category used in some systems to comprise the two orders Ustilaginales (smuts) and Uredinales (rusts)
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class filicinae,
class filicopsida,
filicinae,
filicopsida ferns
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class psilopsida,
class psilotatae,
psilopsida,
psilotatae whisk ferns; comprising the family Psilotaceae or Psilotatae: vascular plants with no roots, partial if any leaf differentiation, and rudimentary spore sacs
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class equisetatae,
class sphenopsida,
equisetatae,
sphenopsida horsetails and related forms
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class lycopodiate,
class lycopsida,
lycopodiate,
lycopsida club mosses and related forms: includes Lycopodiales; Isoetales; Selaginellales; and extinct Lepidodendrales; sometimes considered a subdivision of Tracheophyta
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class lycopodineae,
lycopodineae alternative designation for the class Lycopsida
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| 2. |
class - people having the same social, economic, or educational status; "the working class"; "an emerging professional class" |
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stratum |
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people (plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively; "old people"; "there were at least 200 people in the audience"
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society an extended social group having a distinctive cultural and economic organization
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class structure the organization of classes within a society
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domain,
world (mathematics) the set of values of the independent variable for which a function is defined
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age class people in the same age range
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agriculture the class of people engaged in growing food
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sodality,
fraternity,
brotherhood a social club for male undergraduates
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estate of the realm,
the three estates,
estate a major social class or order of persons regarded collectively as part of the body politic of the country (especially in the United Kingdom) and formerly possessing distinct political rights
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proletariat,
working class,
labour,
labor productive work (especially physical work done for wages); "his labor did not require a great deal of skill"
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lower class,
underclass the social class lowest in the social hierarchy
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bourgeoisie,
middle class the social class between the lower and upper classes
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booboisie class consisting of all those who are considered boobs
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commonalty,
commonality,
commons a class composed of persons lacking clerical or noble rank
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peasantry the class of peasants
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demimonde a class of woman not considered respectable because of indiscreet or promiscuous behavior
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underworld the criminal class
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yeomanry a British volunteer cavalry force organized in 1761 for home defense later incorporated into the Territorial Army
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caste in some social insects (such as ants) a physically distinct individual or group of individuals specialized to perform certain functions in the colony
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caste in some social insects (such as ants) a physically distinct individual or group of individuals specialized to perform certain functions in the colony
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upper class,
upper crust the class occupying the highest position in the social hierarchy
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ninja a class of 14th century Japanese who were trained in martial arts and were hired for espionage and assassinations
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firing line the most advanced and responsible group in an activity; "the firing line is where the action is"
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immigrant class recent immigrants who are lumped together as a class by their low socioeconomic status in spite of different cultural backgrounds
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center a position on a basketball team of the player who participates in the jump that starts the game
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old school a class of people favoring traditional ideas
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market the world of commercial activity where goods and services are bought and sold; "without competition there would be no market"; "they were driven from the marketplace"
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craft,
trade a vehicle designed for navigation in or on water or air or through outer space
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fair sex,
womanhood,
woman the status of a woman
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| 3. |
class - a collection of things sharing a common attribute; "there are two classes of detergents" |
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category,
family |
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aggregation,
accumulation,
assemblage,
collection the act of accumulating
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grammatical category,
syntactic category (grammar) a category of words having the same grammatical properties
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substitution class,
paradigm the class of all items that can be substituted into the same position (or slot) in a grammatical sentence (are in paradigmatic relation with one another)
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brass family (music) the family of brass instruments
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violin family (music) the family of bowed stringed instruments
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woodwind family (music) the family of woodwind instruments
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stamp a block or die used to imprint a mark or design
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sex the properties that distinguish organisms on the basis of their reproductive roles; "she didn't want to know the sex of the foetus"
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declension a class of nouns or pronouns or adjectives in Indo-European languages having the same (or very similar) inflectional forms; "the first declension in Latin"
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conjugation a class of verbs having the same inflectional forms
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denomination a class of one kind of unit in a system of numbers or measures or weights or money; "he flashed a fistful of bills of large denominations"
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histocompatibility complex a family of fifty or more genes on the sixth human chromosome that code for proteins on the surfaces of cells and that play a role in the immune response
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superphylum (biology) a taxonomic group ranking between a phylum and below a class or subclass
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| 4. |
class - a body of students who graduate together; "the class of '97"; "she was in my year at Hoehandle High" |
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year |
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assemblage,
gathering a group of persons together in one place
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graduating class the body of students who graduate together this year
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senior class final grade or class in high school or college
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junior class penultimate class in high school or college
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sophomore class the second class in a four-year college or high school
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freshman class the first class in college or high school
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| 5. |
class - elegance in dress or behavior; "she has a lot of class" |
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elegance a refined quality of gracefulness and good taste; "she conveys an aura of elegance and gentility"
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colloquialism a colloquial expression; characteristic of spoken or written communication that seeks to imitate informal speech
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| 6. |
class - a body of students who are taught together; "early morning classes are always sleepy" |
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form,
grade,
course |
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assemblage,
gathering a group of persons together in one place
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master class a class (especially in music) given to talented students by an expert
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discussion section,
section one of several parts or pieces that fit with others to constitute a whole object; "a section of a fishing rod"; "metal sections were used below ground"; "finished the final segment of the road"
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| 7. |
class - a league ranked by quality; "he played baseball in class D for two years"; "Princeton is in the NCAA Division 1-AA" |
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division |
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conference,
league a discussion among participants who have an agreed (serious) topic
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