Espalier is the horticultural and ancient agricultural practice of controlling woody plant growth by pruning and tying branches so that they grow in relatively flat planes, frequently in formal patterns, against a structure such as a wall, fence, or trellis, and also plants which have been shaped in this way. Espalier, trained into flat two dimensional forms are ideal not only for decorative purposes, but also for gardens in which space is limited. In a temperate climate they may be; planted next to a wall that can reflect more sunlight and retain heat overnight or planted so that they absorb maximum sunlight by training them parallel to the equator (but in a climate where temperatures go below freezing this can cause sun-scald damaging the tree).
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