from 1951, a refugee is a person who (according to the formal definition in article 1A of this Convention), ""owing to a well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group, or political opinion, is outside the country of his nationality, and is unable to or, owing to such fear, is unwilling to avail himself of the protection of that country"". The concept of a refugee was expanded by the Convention's 1967 Protocol and by regional conventions in Africa and Latin America to include persons who had fled war or other violence in their home country. Refugees were defined as a legal group in response to the large numbers of people fleeing Eastern Europe following World War II.
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